Küre-Ersizlerdere Köy Tasarým Rehberi; Süreç ve Yöntem Üzerine Bir Tartýþma

Türkiye’de kýrsal alan sorunlarý planlama alanýnda da kendini göstermekte, ancak müdahale yöntemleri kýsýtlý kalmaktadýr. Organik biçimde geliþen bir sürecin sonucunda Türkiye’nin ilk köy tasarým rehberi Ersizlerdere köyü için üretilmiþtir. Rehber hazýrlama süreci Mimar Sinan Güzel Sanatlar Üniversitesi (MSGSÜ), Kuzey Anadolu Kalkýnma Ajansý (KUZKA), Küre Kaymakamlýðý gibi kýrsal kalkýnmada yeni yöntem arayýþlarýnda olan aktörlerin karþýlaþmasý ile baþlamýþtýr. Aktörlerin ortaya koyduðu irade ile Küre’de yapýlan yerel kalkýnma çalýþtayýnda önerilen birçok kilit proje içinde köy tasarým rehberi de bulunmaktadýr. Bu önerilerden yola çýkarak ve Kastamonu Valiliði, KUZKA ve MSGSÜ arasýnda imzalanan iþ birliði protokolüne dayanarak Ersizlerdere Köy Tasarým Rehberi hazýrlanmýþtýr. Kýrsal alandaki planlama çabalarýnda görülen düþük katýlým düzeyinin artýrýlmasý hedeflenmiþ ve saha çalýþmalarýnýn yaygýn biçimde yapýlmasý katýlým düzeyini artýrmýþtýr. Köyde anketler, odak grup görüþmeleri yapýlarak köy halkýnýn sürece dâhil edilmesi saðlanmýþ ve böylelikle birincil veri toplanmýþtýr. Yerleþime dair yapýlan analizlerde kýrsal kimlik ögelerinin tespit edilmesi hedeflenmiþtir. Bu kapsamda, topoðrafya, peyzaj, silüet ve yerleþme dokusunun incelendiði mekânsal analizler, parsel yapýsý-kullanýmý ve mimari ölçekte rölöve ve yapý elemanlarýna dair analizler yapýlmýþtýr. Çalýþma kapsamýnda elde edilen bulgular ve köye dair temel bilgiler ýþýðýnda rehberin içeriði ve kurgusu belirlenmiþtir. Rehber üç ana bölümden oluþmaktadýr: Yerleþme Dokusu, Parsel Biçimleniþi ve Kýrsal Mimari Karakter. Yerleþme Dokusu baþlýðýnda silüet, baký, rakým, bitki ve arazi örtüsü, ortak kamusal mekânlar, yollar ve patikalar hakkýnda öneriler yer almýþtýr. Parsel Biçimleniþi baþlýðýnda yapýlaþma konusu ele alýnmýþtýr. Kýrsal Mimari Karakter baþlýðýnda ise yapý/parsel düzeni, mekân organizasyonu, malzeme ve yeni yapýlar için öneriler yer almýþtýr. Sonuç olarak Türkiye’de köy tasarým rehberi çalýþmalarýnýn kýrsal kalkýnma giriþimleri ile baðlantýlý olmasý gerektiði, süreçte kurumsal sahiplenme, akademik katký ve yerel katýlýmýn önemi belirtilmiþ, rehberin içeriðinin yerele özgü þekilde farklýlaþabileceði ve bunun için Türkiye’de daha fazla örnek çalýþmanýn ve uygulamanýn yapýlmasý gerektiði vurgulanmýþtýr.

Küre-Ersizlerdere Village Design Guide: A Debate on Process and Methodology

Problems of rural areas in Turkey manifest themselves in planning field as well however means of intervention is limited. As a result of process growing organically, the first village design guide in Turkey was produced for the village of Ersizlerdere. The preparation process of the guide started when actors such as Mimar Sinan Fine Arts University, North Anatolian Development Agency (NADA) and Governorship of Küre looking for new methods in rural development encountered. With the will of the actors, village design guide became one of the key projects that were proposed in the local development workshop held in Küre. Depending upon this proposal and the agreement of cooperation between Governorship of Kastamonu, NADA and MSGSU, Ersizlerdere Village Design Guide was prepared. It was aimed to raise the low level of participation in the planning efforts in rural areas and the level of participation was raised thanks to extensive field work. Village people were included in the process through questionnaires conducted and focus group meetings held and thus primary data were collected. With the settlement analyses it was aimed to determine the elements of rural identity. In this context, spatial analyses examining topography, landscape, silhouette and settlement fabric; analyses about parcel structure and usage and architectural survey were made. In the light of findings obtained through the work and basic information about village, the content and construct of the guide were determined. The guide consists of three main chapters: Settlement Fabric, Parcel Formation and Rural Architectural Character. In the chapter of Settlement Fabric, there are proposals about silhouette, aspect, altitude, vegetation and land cover, common public spaces, roads/paths. In the chapter of Parcel Formation some proposals about parcel size and lot coverage are developed. Rural Architectural Character, there are proposals about building/parcel layout, spatial organization, materials and new buildings. Consequently, it was remarked that in Turkey village design guide studies must be interrelated with rural development initiatives and that sense of ownership of the institutions, academic contribution and local participation are important. It was emphasized that the content of the guide might differentiate according to the locality and that is why more studies and implementation are required in Turkey.