Planning. 2021; 31(3): 480-499 | DOI: 10.14744/planlama.2021.16023

Ýmar Barýþýnýn Kentsel Korumaya Yönelik Olumsuz Etkilerinin Ýstanbul Tarihî Yarýmada Perspektifinden Ýncelenmesi

Can Bulubay
Marmara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi, Yerel Yönetimler ve Kent Politikalarý Anabilim Dalý, Ýstanbul

Ýmar aflarýnýn son sürümü denebilecek Ýmar Barýþý düzenlemesi, 2018’de hayata geçirilmiþ, birçok açýdan tartýþýlmýþtýr. 06.02.2019’da Kartal’da çöken ve Ýmar Barýþý baþvurusu olduðu ortaya çýkan bina ile 26.09.2019’da Silivri’de yaþanan 5.8 büyüklüðündeki deprem, Ýstanbul’daki yapý stokunun durumunu tartýþmalý hâle getirmiþtir. Tarihî Yarýmada olarak bilinen ve Fatih ilçesinin sýnýrlarýyla örtüþen bölge, yapý stokunun tarihî ve mimari deðeri ile risk durumu nedeniyle kritik önemdedir. Fatih’in büyük bölümünün kanun kapsamýnda olmasý, ilçedeki kaçak yapýlaþma unsurlarýnýn yasallaþmasýný saðlamýþtýr. Bu, ilçede yaþayanlarýn can güvenliði ile ilçenin tarihî dokusu ve kültürel mirasýnýn devamlýlýðý açýsýndan endiþe verici bir durum yaratmýþtýr. Bu güncel ve kritik durum, makalenin çýkýþ noktasýdýr. Ýmar Barýþý ve kentsel koruma arasýndaki çeliþkilerin ortaya koyulmasý ile Tarihi Yarýmada’nýn kültürel mirasýnýn korunmasýysa makalenin amacý olarak öne çýkarýlmýþ, bu baðlamda kanunun olumsuz etkilerine yönelik tespitler yapýlmýþtýr. Makalenin odak noktasýnýn önemini vurgulamak açýsýndan, planlama ve koruma kavramlarý arasýndaki iliþkiye dair çok sayýda çalýþmasý olan Ýlhan Tekeli’nin eserlerinden oluþan geniþ literatür incelenmiþtir. Tekeli’nin kendi uzmanlýk alaný olan planlama ve büyük önem verdiðini söylediði kentsel koruma ilgili yorumlarý derlenmiþtir. Bunun yaný sýra kentsel koruma ilke ve uygulamalarý ile ilgili literatür incelenmiþ ve makalenin teorik altyapýsý güçlendirilmiþtir. Tarihî Yarýmada’nýn makale boyunca dikkat çekilmiþ mevcut durum ve riskleri ise ilçenin birçok semtindeki sorunlu yapý stoku fotoðraflanarak görünür kýlýnmýþtýr. Bundan hareketle çeþitli tespit yapýlmýþ, öneriler sunulmuþtur. Bu çalýþma ile Ýmar Barýþý’nýn, tarihî kent merkezlerinde ve Tarihî Yarýmada’da yaratabileceði sorunlara dikkat çekilmesine, bir farkýndalýk yaratýlmasýna çalýþýlmýþtýr.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Ýmar affý, imar barýþý; kentsel koruma, kültürel miras, tarihi yarýmada.

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Investigation of Negative Effects of Zoning Peace on Urban Conservation from the Perspective of Istanbul Historical Peninsula

Can Bulubay
Marmara University Faculty of Political Sciences, Department of Local Administrations and Urban Policies, Istanbul

The Zoning Peace arrangement, which can be called the last version of zoning amnesties, was implemented in 2018 and was discussed in many ways. The building, which collapsed in Kartal on 06.02.2019 and appeared to be a Zoning Peace application, and the 5.8 magnitude earthquake in Silivri on 26.09.2019 made the status of the building stock in Istanbul controversial. The region, known as the Historical Peninsula and overlapping the borders of Fatih district, is critical due to the historical and architectural value of the building stock and its risk status. The fact that a large part of Fatih is covered by the law has enabled the illegal construction elements in the district to be legalized. This created an alarming situation in terms of the life safety of the residents and the continuity of the historical texture and cultural heritage of the district. This current and critical situation is the starting point of the article. The revealing of the contradictions between Zoning Peace and urban conservation and the preservation of the cultural heritage of the Historic Peninsula were highlighted as the aim of the article, and in this context, the negative effects of the law were determined. In order to emphasize the importance of the focus of the article, extensive literature consisting of the works of Ýlhan Tekeli, who has many studies on the relationship between the concepts of planning and conservation, has been examined. Tekeli's own expertise, planning and urban conservation comments, which he says gives great importance, have been compiled. In addition, the literature on the principles and practices of urban conservation has been examined and the theoretical infrastructure of the article has been strengthened. The current situation and risks of the Historic Peninsula, which were noticed throughout the article, were made visible by photographing the problematic building stock in many points of the district. Based on this, various determinations were made and suggestions were presented. With this study, it was tried to draw attention to the problems that Zoning Peace may cause in historical city centers and the Historical Peninsula, and to create an awareness.

Keywords: Zoning amnesty, zoning peace; urban conservation; cultural heritage; historical peninsula.

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ATIF KOPYALA