Planning. 2025; 35(3): 425-445 | DOI: 10.14744/planlama.2025.09825

Mekânsal Ýçselliðin Yýkýmý Üzerine: Bitlis Çarþýsýnda “Detournement” Etkisi Yaratan Fenomenolojik Sürecin Ýrdelenmesi

Gamze Yalçýn¹, Meral Nalçakan^2
1Eskiþehir Teknik Üniversitesi, Lisansüstü Eðitim Enstitüsü, Ýç Mimarlýk Anasanat Dalý, Eskiþehir
²Eskiþehir Teknik Üniversitesi Mimarlýk ve Tasarým Fakültesi Ýç Mimarlýk Bölümü, Eskiþehir

Detournement kavramý, ilk olarak 1950’lerde Letterist International adlý sanatçý grubu tarafýndan ortaya atýlan, 1957 yýlýnda ise Guy Debord öncülüðündeki Sitüasyonist Enternasyonal adlý avangart sanatçýlarýn oluþturduðu sanat hareketiyle ön plana çýkarýlan devrimsel bir pratiktir. Yön deðiþtirme, bozma, saptýrma anlamlarýna gelen Detournement, bir þeyin veya durumun, mevcut yapýsýný yýkýma uðratarak kaybolan anlamýný sansasyonel bir etki ile yeniden canlandýrmayý amaçlamaktadýr. Birçok disiplinde olduðu gibi mimari düzeyde de uygulanmasý önerilerek kentsel çevrenin parçalanmasýyla da yeni bir bütünün yaratýlabileceði ileri sürülmektedir. Bu çalýþmanýn amacý, Tarihi Bitlis çarþýsýnýn çevresel, sosyal ve ekonomik sorunlarý beraberinde getiren plansýz yapýlaþmasýna çözüm olarak “Dere Üstü Islah Projesi” ile baþlayan kentsel dönüþüm ve restorasyon çalýþmalarýyla kentsel bellekte içselleþen mekanlarýn yýkýmýnýn kullanýcýlar üzerindeki etkisinin irdelenmesidir. Çalýþma kapsamýnda üç ayrý kategoriye ayrýlan kullanýcýlar ile yarý yapýlandýrýlmýþ bireysel görüþmeler yapýlarak, bu fenomenolojik sürecin mekânsal, sosyal, ekonomik ve duygusal etkileri detournement kavramýyla iliþkili olarak deðerlendirilmiþtir. Sonuç olarak; kullanýcýlarýn kentsel mekânla kurduðu içsellik, aidiyet, aþinalýk gibi baðlarýn parçalanmasýyla mekânsal deneyime dair ortaya çýkan yeni farkýndalýklar ve sosyal, ekonomik, kültürel düzeyde ise yeni sorunsallarýn oluþtuðu anlaþýlmaktadýr. Bu çalýþmada akademik litaratürde insan-mekân diyalektiðini yeniden düþünmeyi teþvik ederek farklý bir bakýþ açýsý kazandýrmayý saðlayacak sonuçlar sunulmuþtur.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Mekânsal içsellik, Detournement, Kentsel mekân, Mekânsal bellek, Çarþý

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The Destruction of Spatial Internalization: A Phenomenological Inquiry into the “Détournement” Effect in the Bitlis Bazaar

Gamze Yalçýn¹, Meral Nalçakan^2
1Eskiþehir Technical University, Institute of Graduate Education, Department of Interior Architecture, Eskiþehir
²Eskiþehir Technical University, Faculty of Architecture and Design, Department of Interior Architecture, Eskiþehir

The concept of détournement, first introduced in the 1950s by the artist collective Letterist International and later brought to prominence in 1957 by the avant-garde movement Situationist International under the leadership of Guy Debord, represents a revolutionary practice. Denoting diversion, disruption, or subversion, détournement seeks to revive lost meanings through sensational impact by dismantling existing structures. Its application has been suggested across various disciplines, including architecture, where the fragmentation of the urban environment is seen as a means of creating new totalities. This study investigates the impact on users of the demolition of spaces internalized in urban memory through the urban transformation and restoration processes initiated by the “Dere Üstü Rehabilitation Project,” which was introduced as a response to the unplanned construction of the Historical Bitlis Bazaar that had generated environmental, social, and economic challenges. Semi-structured individual interviews were conducted with users categorized into three groups, and the spatial, social, economic, and emotional effects of this phenomenological process were analyzed in relation to the concept of détournement. The findings reveal that the fragmentation of users’ connections to urban space—such as intimacy, belonging, and familiarity—has fostered new forms of spatial awareness while simultaneously producing new challenges at social, economic, and cultural levels. Ultimately, this study contributes to academic literature by encouraging a reconsideration of the human-space dialectic and offering a distinctive perspective for future discourse.

Keywords: Spatial internalization, Détournement, Urban space, Spatial memory, Bazaar

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ATIF KOPYALA