XHýzlý Arama
Geleneksel Kent Modellerinden Karmaþýk Sistem Modellerine Geçiþ
Sýla Özdemir1, Mustafa Raþit Þahin2, Emine Yetiþkul Þenbil31Çevre, Þehircilik ve Ýklim Deðiþikliði Bakanlýðý, Ankara2Altýndað Belediyesi, Mali Hizmetler Müdürlüðü, Ankara
3Orta Doðu Teknik Üniversitesi Mimarlýk Fakültesi, Þehir ve Bölge Planlama Bölümü, Ankara
Kentlerin ekonomik, sosyal ve yönetsel iliþkilerin að ve düðümleri üzerinden karmaþýk kentsel sistemler olarak ele alýndýðý bir dönem içerisindeyiz. Bu çalýþma, planlamada mekan, tanýmý ve kavramsallaþtýrmasýnýn doða bilimleri temelli deðiþimini ve bu deðiþimin kentsel modelleme yaklaþýmlarý üzerindeki etkisini incelemektedir. Çalýþmada mekaný mutlak, kavramsallaþtýrmalarýný ise statik ve deterministik olarak ele alan geleneksel modellerden karmaþýk kent modellerine geçiþ tartýþýlmaktadýr. Dönüþen bilim anlayýþý çerçevesinde kentlerin karmaþýk yapýlar olarak ele alýnmasý ve modellenmesi, kentleri anlama ve yönlendirme biçimlerimiz ile planlama yaklaþýmýmýz ve pratiðimiz açýsýndan önemlidir. Bu doðrultuda, kentsel mekanýn kavramsallaþtýrýlmasýndaki temel etmenler olan mekan-zaman ve insana iliþkin anlayýþýn, bilimsel düþüncenin, kavramlarýn ve teorilerin deðiþimine yer verilmiþtir. Karmaþýk sistem yaklaþýmýnýn temel özelliklerini barýndýrarak kentlerin ve kentsel sistemlerin modellenmesinde kullanýlan temel modeller olan daðýlan, sinerjetik, fraktal, hücresel öziþleme ve ajan tabanlý, kum yýðýný ve küçük dünya kent modelleri açýklanmaktadýr. Çalýþma, kentsel modelleme ve planlama alanýnda yeni teorik ve metodolojik yaklaþýmlarýn tanýtýlmasýna katkýda bulunmakla beraber, bu alandaki bilgi birikimini zenginleþtirmeyi ve mevcut yaklaþýmlarýn sýnýrlýlýklarýný aþacak þekilde karmaþýklýk teorisinin yöntem ve modellerini kentsel mekanýn hesaplama, analiz ve tahmin araçlarý olarak tanýtmayý amaçlamaktadýr. Ayrýca, karmaþýklýk teorisinin kentsel planlama süreçlerine entegrasyonunun önemini vurgulamakta, kentlerin kendi kendini örgütleyen dinamik sistemler olduðu sonucu kapsamýnda kentsel stratejiler oluþturulurken daha esnek ve adaptif yaklaþýmlar benimsemesi gerektiði tartýþýlmaktadýr.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Geleneksel kent modelleri, karmaþýklýk, karmaþýk sistem yaklaþýmlarý, kent planlama; mekansal kavramsallaþtýrma.Transition from Traditional Urban Models to Complex System Models
Sýla Özdemir1, Mustafa Raþit Þahin2, Emine Yetiþkul Þenbil31Ministry of Environment, Urbanization and Climate Change, Ankara, Turkey2Altýndað Municipality, Directorate of Financial Services, Ankara, Turkey
3Middle East Technical University, Faculty of Architecture, Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Ankara, Turkey
We are in an era where cities are regarded as complex urban systems through networks of economic, social, and adminis-trative relationships. This study examines the transition of the concept and conceptualization of space in planning, grounded in natural sciences, and its impact on urban modeling approaches. The shift from traditional models, which view space as absolute and their conceptualizations as static and deterministic, to complex urban models is discussed. The core characteristics of classical planning approaches and the features retained within complex system approaches are presented. Within the frame-work of changing scientific understanding, the importance of considering and modeling cities as complex structures is emphasized for its significance in understanding and guiding cities, as well as in planning practice. The changes in the understanding of space-time and human, scientific thought, concepts, and theories in the conceptualization of urban space are addressed. The key models used in modeling cities and urban systems that embody the core features of the complex system approach, including dissipative, synergetic, fractal, cellular automata, agent-based, sandpile, and small-world city models, are explained. This study aims to introduce new theoretical and methodological approaches in urban modeling and planning, enriching the knowledge base and surpassing the limitations of existing approaches. The models of complexity theory are proposed as tools for the computation, analysis, and prediction of urban space. Additionally, the importance of integrating complexity theory into urban planning processes is emphasized, arguing that urban strategies should adopt more flexible and adaptive approaches, given that cities are self-organizing dynamic systems.
Keywords: Traditional urban models, complexity, complex system appro-aches, urban planning; spatial conceptualization.Makale Dili: Türkçe