The purpose of the study was to analyze and evaluate the scope of physical planning in Turkey between 2003-2019 through the Journal of Planning. The starting point of the study was the acceptance that planning, which includes an interactive process with the change and transformation in the social structure, can be followed through the settings where it is brought up and discussed. With this acceptance, the study focused on the articles in Journal of Planning, which provided a setting where the conceptual content and changing meanings of planning, and the subjects regarding applications, were discussed by academicians, who provided an academic viewpoint, and planners, who provided a viewpoint of implementers. The 519 articles in 53 issues published 2003-2019, when the journal started to be published regularly, continuously, were examined in the scope of the study. Firstly, the general course of planning in Turkey after 2003, that guided the country’s planning agenda were also discussed with basic references. In the section where the scope of the planning after 2003, was examined through the Journal of Planning Then, the issues were read on a parallel plane overlapping with the events that defined the general course of planning in the country, and were discussed in the context of the change in the social structure of the country. As a result of the evaluations, it was determined, the issues in the journal can play active roles not only in solving spatial problems, but also in solving many problems regarding the society itself.

The problem of zoning and planning created by urbanization is not limited to urban centers today. The re-production of the space corresponds to the expansion of the space requires changes in rural areas as well as changes in metropolises. In this context, the zoning peace regulation implemented within the scope of the Law No. 7143, which was published in the Official Journal on 11.5.2018, brought many discussions. In this study, it is aimed to discuss the zoning peace practice and the criti-cisms brought to the said application over Trabzon, which has the feature of being the most applied province in the Eastern Black Sea Region, and to support the theoretical findings in the relevant subject with practical data. Especially considering the place occupied by the illegal settlements in the plateaus in the Eastern Black Sea region on the political agenda, the study is based on the results of the fact that zoning peace practices do not exclude the places subject to private law provisions. In ad-dition, the results of excluding the municipalities from the zon-ing peace process were also included in the study. As a method suitable for the purpose of the study, numerical data on the implementation of zoning peace in Trabzon were reached by contacting Trabzon Provincial Directorate of Environment and Urbanization and the Eastern Black Sea Municipalities Union. The numerical data in question have been evaluated based on their theoretical background and the risks that may arise with zoning peace are discussed.

Poverty is one of the most being dwelt on facts today. Moreover, it is far more complicated and comprehensive to be handled only in terms of economy. As a matter of fact, even people who has no trouble economically can descend to an indigent status. Hence the fact of poverty is a problem entwined together with social and political issues. In this point of view, individual awaits from urban environment to have a function to satisfy its physical, social and psychological needs. Also unutilization of the oppor-tunities provided by urban life fairly and equally, unhealthy envi-ronment, limited or none social protection mechanisms, limited access to income and employment opportunities, insufficient and insecure shelter services, limited or insufficient access to educa-tion and sanitary services are the ground of poverty-based urban problems. So that the purpose of this study is to display the role of municipal authorities in struggling against urban poverty in terms of finding a solution for poverty and protecting impov-erished people and to hinder disadvantages caused by poverty which would reflex as a social explosion. In this study, it is going to be focused on current roles of municipal authorities, what should this role be like and respond an answer to the question of “What is the role of Municipal Authorities in struggling process of Urban Poverty in Turkey?”

More than half of the world's population lives in cities, which creates serious pressure on cities. Eliminating this pressure is important for the sustainability of cities, as well as for im-proving the quality of urban life. In this context, the smart city model has recently been utilised to address urban sustainability challenges and enhance the quality of urban life. The model has a framework aimed at overcoming the mentioned issues through the use of technology. This model has begun to be included in upper-scale policy documents all around the world, along with Turkey. However, the human and physical entities that make up the components of the smart city differ spatially within the country, which points to the problem that the smart city model cannot be equally effective everywhere. Therefore, this study aims to demonstrate the trend of NUTS 3 regions in Turkey to become smart cities based on variables considered the most important components of a smart city, such as tech-nological infrastructure, human capital, and governance struc-ture. In order to achieve this goal, cluster analysis was applied to these variables. The analysis has revealed that there are five different clusters in Turkey that differ from each other in terms of the tendency to become smart cities. The findings indicate that smart city applications cannot be used equally effectively and efficiently in each region in parallel with the differentiation of the level of development.

Ecotourism is an approach that maintains the social and cultural integrity of a locale, while securing the sustainability of the natural resources of the earth, as well as supporting the economic devel-opment of the local community. Turkey has recently begun actualizing the idea of ecotourism as a rural development model. The Eastern Black Sea Region is one of the priorities given region to develop ecotourism in Turkey. Within the scope of this study, Þeyhli Ecotourism Village of Piraziz district in the Black Sea Region will be examined. The most important features of Þeyhli Village, which was declared an Ecotourism Village within the scope of Tourism Brand Urban Development Plan and coordinated by Giresun Governorate GIRTAB (Giresun Tourism Infrastructure Service Asso-ciation), are accessibility, ease of transport, high level of education, and women being in charge of this process. In this study, after the potentials of Þeyhli Ecotourism Village and the reasons for its selection as an ecotourism area are explained, the ecotourism village approach will be discussed in the context of protection of rural cultural values, natural resources and of understanding women’s roles in rural development. The methodology of the study includes site visits, questionnaires, interviews and unobtrusive observation.

In recent years, the agricultural sector has experienced many chal-lenges, such as extreme weather events, plant diseases, market uncertainties and economic crises. These challenges have become more and more severe for related actors of the sector, especially for farmers. In order to tackle these problems, the concept of resilience, which emphasizes the ability to adapt to changing conditions,has re-cently been discussed in academia as a solution to adapt the changing conditions. This article aims to evaluate agricultural policies through the lens of farmers within the perspective of resilience discussions. In this context, face-to-face interviews were held with farmers in Antalya Kumluca region. Findings of the case study were discussed within the scope of the policy objectives contained in the Eleventh Development Plan. As a result of the study, it has been determined that the current economic situation of farmers is insufficient, that they have problems caused by excess of input costs, that they con-sider co-operative and state control necessary in the process of ac-cessing the market, and that costs should be reduced in order to make innovative products. Another finding in the study is that farm-ers need more government support to eliminate these problems. Although it has been determined that policy makers have developed targets in accordance with the wishes and expectations of farmers in the examined plan, the fact that the problems experienced in the sector have been going on for many years shows that there are still problems need to be solved in the implementation process.

The urban texture formed by the hierarchic relations of walkable urban public and private areas of approximately three kilometres in the Levent Region and the system of passages, streets and avenues that combine the functional focal points of the neighbourhoods, creates a living system by linking the residential areas that have been designed in different periods. In this context, the article evaluates the results of the university research project developed for the Levent Region. The concept of Open-Permeable Neighbourhood is considered as a spatial reading methodology developed on the redefinition of the neighbourhood based on the dynamic interaction of the physical components of the urban space. The research method in question has been considered in two stages. The first stage includes analysis based on the structural features and the spatial planning and design setup created by the local development plans in a period of approximately thirty years. The second stage is structured in order to reveal how the data obtained about the Open-Permeable Neighbourhood as a result of spatial analysis corresponds to daily life through the user experience. In this context, the defined spatial analysis method was used and the characteristics of this phenomenon were determined. By evaluating the findings obtained within the framework of the urban design discipline, it is aimed to reveal the design criteria that will ensure the continuity of the spatial memory in the Levent Region and increase the quality of life.

In addition to the differentiation of urban travel objectives, the increase in travel demands made it necessary to make vehicle mobility between longer distances depending on the size of the cities. Different urban sizes have shaped the urban transportation network by taking measures focused on the use of private cars today, where rapid transportation is aimed. Different travel demands of each inhabitant required alternative modes of transportation to be put into service in the urban transportation system. In such a situation, the need to produce a model that takes into account the transportation infrastructure of the metropolitan or small and medium-sized city and the needs of the city has emerged. With this model, the transportation structure of the city is analyzed and forecasts are made regarding the transportation system to be designed according to the multiple journey demands of the city and how to choose among the various transportation types according to the travel density. In this study, a conceptual model framework, basically called the Entity-Relationship Model, has been created. This conceptual model aims to create a theoretical basis that transforms the theoretical infrastructure into practical application in determining urban transportation systems and alternative modes of transportation. In this study, for cities of different sizes with different population sizes in Turkey an alternative transportation modes with a P + D systems, town walls and the city a conceptual model is proposed for the production of remixed Entity-Relationship model in the positioning of the whole it has been developed.

Participatory design process includes practices that enable all seg-ments of society to participate in decision-making about design, de-velopment, and transformation of their environment. Within such democratic environment, planning and design stages are conducted by combining the knowledge, skills and resources of professional architects, urban planners, designers, and local communities. In participatory processes, the interaction between different actors provides a multi-dimensional structure, and the universities have an important role as objective actors to ensure actual contributions in terms of effective participation. Ladder metaphor for citizen par-ticipation in design process defines the roles of the stakeholders and the situations in which the participatory approaches are expe-rienced. Abovementioned ladder of participation includes practices in different scales and scopes in different geographies. Accordingly, it also represents and discusses wide range of experience levels in-between symbolic participation (tokenism) and actual participation. In Turkey, participatory planning and design practices undoubt-edly reflect the national circumstances, and different approaches emerge in terms of participatory design. In recent years, participa-tory design practices, in which the universities are included as ob-jective actors, began to gain importance in Turkey. However, these experiences do not establish a firm ground in terms of participa-tory practices conducted within the scope of formal education. In this context, a case study was developed to redesign Bahçelievler National Garden in cooperation with Istanbul Kultur University Department of Architecture and Bahçelievler Municipality, and the findings were evaluated within the scope of ladder of participation. This study consists of three stages and concluded with a practice in-between non-participation and symbolic participation as a con-sequence of the pandemic and hesitations of the local government.