In Turkey, urban regeneration is being utilized as a tool for actively manipulating cities, especially after the 2000s. Even though studies on both Turkey and the world reveal that one of the most common effects of such practices is the displacement of residents, follow-up studies on the impact of displacement on the lives of displaced residents lack in literature. This study pursues the residents of Yazýcýk Neighborhood of Gaziantep who were displaced due to an urban regeneration project. The main purposes of the study are to discover the patterns of movement of displaced residents within the city and to find out the factors contributing to the choice of new neighborhoods. Quantitative and qualitative data sets were co-evaluated to fulfil the goals of the study. A questionnaire was applied to the post-regeneration residents of the Yazýcýk area to determine the scale of the displacement. With this strategy, the percentage of residents who remained in Yazýcýk after the regeneration was estimated. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 14 households who were found to be displaced from the neighborhood after renewal, and the factors that shaped their preference for new neighborhoods were discovered. The outcomes of the study confirmed that the urban regeneration project indeed resulted in displacement. Moreover, various parameters such as the income level of the displaced household, heating infrastructure, and overall quality of housing in the area were found to play a role in the decision of the neighborhood. These results showed that improvement in the quality of life was a shared motive amongst displaced residents for the decision of new neighborhoods.

This paper studies the interplay between shopping street revitalization and pedestrianization in Samsun in Turkey. The revitalization via pedestrianization of Ýstiklal Street—known in the vernacular as Çiftlik Street—was first welcomed by the local shopkeepers who formed a merchants association to support the municipal project. Yet the physical outcome of pedestrianizationled revitalization was the concretization and homogenization of facades throughout the street. The project caused a loss of social atmosphere and an economic downturn on the street. The successors of family businesses on the street criticized the top-down implementation as the main cause of this negative outcome. To answer this criticism and to understand what was done wrong in the revitalization of Samsun’s high street, this study analyzed local shopkeepers’ criticisms. Fifteen in-depth local shopkeeper interviews, one transnational migrant resident interview, and walking censuses revealed significant issues. These were deindustrialization, suburbanization, and opening of shopping malls in close distances as well as the sociodemographic changes in the city centre finalized by the arrival of Middle Eastern migrants after the 2010s. This research suggests that the simultaneous opening of shopping malls nearby heightened the street’s deterioration by pulling away branded shops and customers. Pedestrianization, while being only the ‘tip of the iceberg’, was used as a scapegoat, and reversed. This study aims to emphasize the idea that conceived spaces might not always overlap with the lived spaces by showing that urban planning practices that are good at face value might create unexpected outcomes depending on the context.

Increase in sea levels due to climate change and sudden floods as a result of heavy rainfalls can pose a threat especially in low-elevation areas of coastal cities. Therefore, it is important to develop adaptation-oriented urban planning and construction processes in coastal cities. This article focuses on the impacts of sea level rise due to climate change and flooding caused by excessive precipitation; it aims to make a projective assessment, with reference to an approach that proposes adaptation strategies for urban coastal areas against these problems, by analysing present conditions for the city of Izmir. The research method is twofold: First, analysis parameters for the local characteristics of urban coastal area are grouped in three --geographical/morphological, spatial/functional and administrative levels. According to these three parameters, possible impacts and adaptation strategies in the literature are classified from macro to micro, in five scales of global, regional, national, urban and architecture. After this framework is dwelled on, the scope was limited to the urban coastal areas of the city of Izmir focusing specifically on the adaptation strategies in urban design scale. The findings support the main argument in this study that the analyzes in urban scale have a significant role for determining effective and correct strategies against the present and future local circumstances regarding the flood risk. The results obtained both enable to assess multi-dimensionally the flooding risk in the urban coastal areas of Ýzmir, and lay a ground for discussing the issue in different scales for different scenarios.

Mersin historic city center has reached the present day by losing its historical identity to a great extent. Currently most of the heritage buildings are in danger by the effects of improper use and abandonment; most of the new buildings are incompatible with the historical texture and have physical problems. The Conservation Master Plan prepared in 1998 could not ensure the protection of the area and the continuity of its use. Declaring the 59.47-hectare area as the Renewal Area in 2015, including the urban conservation area and the conservation area transition zone, made the physical intervention processes in the historic city center more complex. The legislation required by the new status has made it difficult to make the necessary interventions in the area. Physical and functional interventions for conservation and use should be urgently planned in the historic city center. This study presents the method, survey outcomes and results of the "Research and Development Project of Conservation and Revitalization Model for Mersin Historic City Center" carried out at Mersin University with the request of Mersin Metropolitan Municipality. With this study, it is aimed to present a methodological framework to contribute the protection and revitalization of areas in the historic city center of Mersin, where different protection and intervention statuses are defined and where area based physical and functional interventions are required due to loses on historical identity.

Increasing urbanization and car ownership in Turkey cause to transportation problems in cities. In zoning and transportation plans, parking demand has been ignored. Due to the high demand in city centers that attract trips from all over the city, parking demand could not meet the supply. This situation has led to the building new parking facilities within the scope of traditional management strategies. Different methods of determining the demand are discussed in the literature in an attempt to manage the parking supply efficiently. Accordingly, in this study, determining parking demand method has been applied with using land use, road qualities and alternative transportation criterions in area defined over walking distance of three off-street parking facilities in Alsancak, the city center of Ýzmir. This method applied with ArcGIS program and demand density was calculated using eight different parameters. The probability of parking demands has been evaluated with different weights and the probability that land use is first priority has been evaluated. As a result, it has been determined that the demand is condensed in the southern regions of Alsancak. In this context, when three off-street parking facilities are examined, it’s concluded that fully automated car parking facility is advantageous with regards to both site selection and design. In addition, evaluations were made regarding the location and design of off-road parking lots and demand management strategies and suggestions were developed.

When the concept of identity that defines/emphasizes the distinctive feature is considered from the urban identity standpoint, the urban identity consists of elements that are particular to the city, and that give value and meaning to the city, distinguishing it from others. Experiencing these identity elements of the city by the people enables the formation of a common identity belonging to that city and the development of a sense of belonging. With globalization, various structures of the same type/style, which are not unique to the place, cause the cities to become disidentification and uniform each other. The industrial revolution brought new building typologies to the cities and new identities and images together with the social life. Zonguldak province, located in the Western Black Sea region of Turkey, is also a city that has gained its identity shaped with the coal industry. The fact that these values, which constitute the urban identity of Zonguldak province, are damaged/destroyed by human and natural factors over time puts the sustainability of the city's image and selfidentity at risk. In this study, the industrial heritage values that constitute the urban identity of Zonguldak will be analyzed and discussed in the context of sustainability and industrial landscape concept.

There are various spatial, economic, social and ecological determinant structures in the development process of Turkish urban settlements and its urban-rural relations. However, all determinant factors in these structures create contradictions due to affiliation with the political processes. The study aims to investigate how a strong political decision affected the spatial, social and economic structure of the city. In this context, the last 25 years of Osmaniye is investigated for the first time after its administrative change in 1996. The current situation and the social, economic and spatial transformations of the city are studied from a critical perspective. In the study, a mixed methodological research is conducted with quantitative and qualitative data. The data consists of statistics, spatial data, survey results, expert interviews and on-site observations. Based on the research findings, it is revealed that the city of Osmaniye has a multi-faceted urbanization experience "in limbo". This main argument is discussed in the conclusion and enhanced with recommendations.

Traditional centers have unique patterns where trade, administration, finance, education, culture, entertainment and meeting places are located, naturally formed according to the geography, history, culture and life styles of a period and/or periods with monumental structures, examples of civil architecture, experiences and cultural features. The factors that ensure authenticity in traditional centers are the relations between the users and the commercial-religious structures, the positions, the orientations and the axes formed between these structures. The traditional center of Bergama, which was named in the World Heritage List with its historical and cultural identity,was formed in line with the commercial and religious elements that were built in the Ottoman period and developed in the historical process. However, Bergama traditional center was deprived of the conservation plan for a long time and was included in the non-conservation plan and it was exposed to physical deterioration. In this study, the characteristics of traditional central pattern, the formation-development-change processes of the pattern, decisions that cause the deterioration, the 2012 approval dated 1/1000 scale Bergama Urban+III. Archaeological Site Conservation Plan decisions and plan notes were presented in line with the determinations in the traditional center in 2009 and 2018 and the researches carried out in the archives of the Directorate of Izmir 2nd Regional Cultural Heritage Conservation Board. As a result of the researches and determinations made, the effectiveness of the practices for the conservation and sustainability of traditional centers were discussed and suggestions were presented.

Uncontrolled and unplanned growth of cities causes urban sprawl, leading to various ecological and socio-economic problems such as increasing energy consumption, infrastructure and transportation requirements and stress on ecosystems. The negative results of political, economic and social factors causing uncontrolled and unplanned growth impacts mostly on life at the urban fringe. The cities in Türkiye have been also influenced from these factors, nevertheless, there are only a limited number of studies examining the tensions at the fringe arising from uncontrolled growth. This article aims to identify the rationales behind urban growth process and the implementations of planning and policy instruments for growth control in Ankara, the capital of Türkiye. This research contributes at both theoretical and practical levels, investigating the realized and unrealized policies and planning tools for growth control, reveals the need for more effective planning and policy instruments, with emphasis on the change in fringe. One of the important results of the research is that many strategies and tools have been produced for the control of urban growth since the 19th century up until the present day in Ankara. However, although the growth control strategies have been proposed in urban plans of Ankara as expropriation, greenbelt, creation of a boundary for the settlement, separating the settlement into districts, increasing building densities in city, decentralization, growth along the corridors, encouraging mixed-use development and integrated urban form strategy, the research reveals that the tensions at the fringe have increased particularly after the 1980s due to the markedled and partial planning implementations.

In this study, the publications in the Web of Science database on urbanization and cities in Turkey were submitted to a descriptive and bibliometric analysis. A total of 2370 studies, such as research articles, review articles, book chapters, and presentations with the full text of which were published, were examined, and the studies were classified according to years, countries, journals and authors. The obtained data were subjected to various analyzes such as co-author analysis, keyword analysis, co-citation analysis using the VOSviewer package program. As a result of all the studies, it has been observed that there has been a great increase in the number of studies and in the diversity of disciplines after 2010, although the studies on urbanization and cities in Turkey, in particular on the Web of Science database, started in the 1980s. It has been with the writers' 11 different language related literature courses, as well as an academic element in most of the literature articles. The main institutions conducting research on this subject have been ITU, METU, and Gazi University. Megaron, Planning and METU Faculty of Architecture Magazines have come to the fore in the sourcebased distribution of related studies. In the co-citation analysis, it has been determined that the most frequently referenced authors are Ýlhan Tekeli, David Harwey, and Çaðlar Keyder. In the analysis of the related studies’ keywords, it has been determined that the most used words are urban transformation, migration and urban renewal, in other words, the most focused topics.

From 1980s, globalization and technological advances, and demographic, economic and social changes, together with effects of geographical and political developments, have transformed the settlement pattern in Turkey. Traditional settlement hierarchy as well as dichotomies between urban and rural or agricultural and non-agricultural areas has become obsolete. With legislative and institutional arrangements that includes rural areas but disregard them, greater (metropolitan) municipality definition has changed too. Now, instead of being a totality with clearly defined borders, settlements have also become a totality of networks with various densities and functions. In this context, a multi-partner Research Project within the scope of TÜBÝTAK Urbanization Program Call was developed in university-public agency cooperation. The Project titled “Interpretation of Settlement Pattern Changes in Turkey: The Case of Ýzmir” was carried out between April 15, 2018 and October 15, 2021. It was aimed to examine the settlement pattern changes in Turkey and reveal the main determinants of the transformation. In the project, an approach based on micro-macro level conceptualization of Complexity Theory, which includes both quantitative and qualitative research methods, was followed. This article represents main targets and general research framework of the Research Project, which exemplifies Izmir city region and metropolitan area at different spatial and temporal scales. Various urban themes (urban environment, urban infrastructure, rural environment, urban transportation and urban transformation), concepts and main findings of the project are outlined. The final section discusses how and in what ways the planning discipline/institution should be transformed in respect to Complexity Theory thinking.