Evaluation of Industrial-Cultural Heritage: The Case of Zollverein Mine Complex in Germany

Industrialization, which started in Britain in the 18th century, spread rapidly to many parts of the world, especially Europe. With the mass production, the transition from human power to machine power has begun and industrial structures, which are the new type of space with large spans in which machines produce, have begun to be built. These structures, which have been operating for years, are abandoned and remain idle due to the inadequacy of the natural resource in the areas and the insufficient sizes of the structures. From this point on, the fate of these structures is drawn depending on the approach and sensitivity of the country where the factories are located. Preserving these structures, which are evidence of the period in which they operated, ensures that the period when the factory was founded and worked remains still in the collective memory. In recent years, when architectural conservation was limited to only a few types of structures, industrial heritage also became an important area of protection. Some countries gave attention to the industrial heritage conservation are examples for others. One of the prominent countries in this regard is Germany. The Zollverein Mine Complex is located in Germany's Ruhr Area and remained idle after its closure in 1986. Many years of renovation works have been carried out in order to preserve the complex, which witnessed the industrial structure of a period, with the least possible intervention and to reintegrate it into the society. This complex, which was included in the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2001, sets an good example for the whole world in terms of evaluating the industrial heritage, not only with its protected structures, but also with the new and contemporary structures added to the complex. The Mining Complex, which reflects the cultural and industrial history of the city, is handled as a case study within the scope of industrial heritage. Within the scope of the research, industrial facilities, which are the important components of the Industrial and Cultural Heritage and play active roles in the physical development of the city, were examined. Conservation and reuse proposals for transferring the existing industrial heritage to future generations are discussed and studied on the Zollverein project example.

Endüstriyel-Kültürel Mirasýn Deðerlendirilmesi: Almanya Zollverein Maden Ocaðý Kompleksi Örneði

18. yüzyýlda Britanya’da baþlayan sanayileþme, baþta Avrupa olmak üzere dünyanýn birçok yerine hýzla yayýlmýþtýr. Seri üretimle birlikte, insan gücünden makine gücüne geçilmiþ ve makinelerin üretim yaptýðý geniþ açýklýklý yeni mekan tipi olan endüstri yapýlarý inþa edilmeye baþlanmýþtýr. Seneler boyunca faaliyet gösteren bu yapýlar zamanla o alandaki doðal kaynaðýn yetersizliði, yapýnýn büyüklüðünün yetersiz kalmasý gibi nedenlerle terk edilmekte ve atýl durumda kalmaktadýr. Bu noktadan itibaren, bu yapýlarýn kaderi, fabrikanýn bulunduðu ülkenin yaklaþýmýna ve hassasiyetine baðlý olarak çizilmektedir. Faaliyet gösterdikleri dönemin bir kanýtý olan bu yapýlarýn korunup gelecek nesillere aktarýlmasý, fabrikanýn kurulduðu ve çalýþtýðý dönemin, kolektif hafýzada taze kalmasýný saðlamaktadýr. Mimari korumanýn bazý fonksiyonel yapýlarla sýnýrlý kaldýðý son yýllarda endüstri mirasý da korumanýn önemli bir alaný haline gelmiþtir. Endüstri mirasý koruma konusunda incelenen bazý ülkeler, diðerlerine örnek teþkil edecek kadar iyi çalýþmalara imza atmaktadýr. Bu konuda öne çýkan ülkelerden biri Almanya’dýr. Zollverein Maden Ocaðý Kompleksi, Almanya’nýn Ruhr Bölgesi’nde yer almaktadýr ve 1986’da kapatýlmasýnýn ardýndan atýl durumda kalmýþtýr. Bir dönemin endüstriyel yapýsýna tanýklýk eden kompleksi olabilecek en az müdahaleyle koruyabilmek ve tekrar topluma kazandýrabilmek adýna uzun yýllar süren yenileme çalýþmalarý yapýlmýþtýr. 2001’de UNESCO Dünya Miras Listesi’ne giren bu kompleks, sadece korunan yapýlarýyla deðil, komplekse sonradan dahil edilen yeni ve çaðdaþ ek yapýlarýyla da tüm dünyaya endüstriyel mirasýn deðerlendirilmesi adýna örnek olmaktadýr. Kentin kültürel ve endüstriyel geçmiþini yansýtan Maden Ocaðý Kompleksi, endüstriyel miras kapsamýnda bir vaka çalýþmasý olarak ele alýnmaktadýr. Araþtýrma kapsamýnda, Endüstriyel ve Kültürel Mirasýn önemli bir bileþeni olan ve kentin fiziksel geliþiminde etkin bir rol alan endüstri tesisleri incelenmiþtir. Mevcut endüstri mirasýnýn gelecek kuþaklara aktarýlmasý için koruma ve yeniden iþlevlendirme önerileri Zollverein proje örneði üzerinden etüt edilerek tartýþýlmaktadýr.