Türkiye Kentlerinin Sürdürülebilir Ya�am Kalitesi Temel Bile�enlerinde Da��l�m� ve Kümelenmesi

Taylan Susan, Arzu

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Türkiye Kentlerinin Sürdürülebilir Ya�am Kalitesi Temel Bile�enlerinde Da��l�m� ve Kümelenmesi [Planning]

Planning. 2021; 31(2): 170-190 | DOI: 10.14744/planlama.2020.48658

Türkiye Kentlerinin Sürdürülebilir Ya�am Kalitesi Temel Bile�enlerinde Da��l�m� ve Kümelenmesi

Arzu Taylan Susan
Bursa Teknik �niversitesi Mimarl�k ve Tasar�m Fakültesi, �ehir ve B�lge Planlama B�lümü, Bursa

Bu makale, Türkiye Düzey-3 b�lgelerindeki ya�am kalitesini, nesnel ve �znel �l�ütleri kullanarak, mek�nsal boyutuyla de�erlendirmeyi, b�ylece sosyo-ekonomik kalk�nma ve kentle�me politikalar�na katk� sa�lamay� ama�lamaktad�r. Ekonomistlerin ve co�rafyac�lar�n kentlerde ya�am kalitesinin �l�ülmesiyle ilgili tart��malar�n� b�lgesel geli�me ve sürdürülebilirlik ba�lam�na ta��yan �al��ma, temel bile�en ve k-ortalamalar kümelenme analizlerini kullanm��t�r. Bulgulara g�re, Türkiye kentlerindeki ya�am kalitesi be� bile�ende ayr��rken, �Ya�am Standartlar� Yüksek�ve �Mutlu, Sa�l�kl� ve Güvenli�kentle�me bile�enleri temel ay�rt edici niteliktedir. Ba�ka bir deyi�le, ekonomik, fiziki ve sosyal altyap� yat�r�mlar�n�n fazla olmas�, her zaman mutluluk ve memnuniyet getirmemektedir. Bu bile�enlerle yap�lan kümelenme analizinde d�rt kent kümesi bulunmu�tur. Ya�am standartlar� en yüksek ve nispeten mutlu Küme-2 kentleri, ülkenin bat�s�ndaki büyük�ehirler ve yak�nlar�ndaki farkl� büyüklükteki kentlerden olu�maktad�r. Bunlar�n �evresindeki Kume-3 kentleri, Türkiye�nin en mutlu ve iyi-olma-halini en fazla sa�layan orta-kü�ük �l�ekli kentlerdir. Ya�am standartlar� orta düzeyde olmas�na ra�men, en mutsuz olan Küme-1 kentleri, �o�unlukla ülkenin do�u ve güneydo�u b�lgelerindeki büyük �ehirlerdir. Genelde nesnel ya�am kalitesi dü�ük seviyede olmas�na ra�men daha mutlu Küme-4 kentleriyle kom�udurlar. Bu sonu�lar, ya�am standartlar�n�n büyük �ehirlerde merkezile�me ve �evrelerine olumlu yay�lma etkisine kar��n, �znel ya�am kalitesinin merkez-ka� etkisini g�stermektedir. Büyük �ehirler, kentle�menin olumlu etkileri kadar negatif d��sall�klar�n� da deneyimledikleri i�in, �znel de�erler buralarda dü�mekte kom�ular�nda ve uzakla�t�k�a artmaktad�r. Ancak, do�u ve güneydo�u b�lgelerinde, olumlu etkiler azal�rken d��sall�klar�n artmas�, güvenlik sorunuyla da ilgili g�rünmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Kentle�me, kümelenme analizi; sürdürülebilir kalk�nma; temel bile�en analizi; ya�am kalitesi; ya�am memnuniyeti; ya�anabilirlik.

Distribution and Clustering of Turkish Cities on the Principle Components of Sustainable Quality of Life

Arzu Taylan Susan
Bursa Technical University Faculty of Architecture and Design, Department of City and Regional Planning, Bursa

This article aimed to evaluate the quality of life across the NUTS-3 regions in Turkey with spatial aspects regarding objective and subjective indicators so that to contribute into socio-economic development and urbanization policies. Bringing the discussion of economists and geographers in measuring urban quality of life into regional development and sustainability context, this study applied principal component and k-means cluster analysis. Accordingly, five components constitute urban life quality in Turkey. Most distinguishing components are urbanization with �Higher Life Standards� and urbanization as �Happy, Healthy and Secure�. That is, more economic, physical and social infrastructure investments seem always not to provide happiness and satisfaction. Based on these components, the cluster analysis revealed four city clusters. Cluster-2, which encompass greater cities and their neighbors with various scales in western Turkey, has the highest life standards
and obtains intermediately happy residents. Surrounding them, Cluster-3 includes medium-small scale cities, which are the happiest cities that satisfy well-being utmost. Despite medium-level life standards, Cluster-1 possesses unhappiest cities mostly in eastern and southeastern regions with greater population. In the same region, Cluster-4 cities are happier in spite of their lower level objective qualities. Based on results, higher objective life quality in greater cities addresses centralization and spillover effects, while lower subjective quality tends to be centrifugal. As greater cities experience both positive and negative influences of urbanization, the subjective evaluations decline in contrast to neighboring and more distant cities. Moreover, cities of eastern and southeastern regions seem to experience less positives and more externalities, which might be due to security problems.

Keywords: Urbanization, cluster analysis; sustainable development; principle component analysis; quality of life; life satisfaction; livability.

Arzu Taylan Susan. Distribution and Clustering of Turkish Cities on the Principle Components of Sustainable Quality of Life. Planning. 2021; 31(2): 170-190

Sorumlu Yazar: Arzu Taylan Susan, T�rkiye
Makale Dili: T�rk�e

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Türkiye Kentlerinin Sürdürülebilir Ya�am Kalitesi Temel Bile�enlerinde Da��l�m� ve Kümelenmesi

Distribution and Clustering of Turkish Cities on the Principle Components of Sustainable Quality of Life