Ara Toplu Ta��ma Sistemlerinde G�venlik Alg�s�: �stanbul�da Minib�s �rne�i

O�uz, Melis

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Ara Toplu Ta��ma Sistemlerinde G�venlik Alg�s�: �stanbul�da Minib�s �rne�i [Planning]

Planning. 2020; 30(1): 104-117 | DOI: 10.14744/planlama.2019.29981

Ara Toplu Ta��ma Sistemlerinde G�venlik Alg�s�: �stanbul�da Minib�s �rne�i

Melis O�uz
Beykent �niversitesi M�hendislik-Mimarl�k Fak�ltesi, End�striyel Tasar�m B�l�m�, �stanbul, T�rkiye

Kentsel ta��mac�l�kta �nemli bir yeri olmas�na ra�men minib�s ve ara toplu ta��ma sistemleri T�rk yaz�n�nda yeterince yer bulamam��t�r. �htiya�lar� kar��lan(a)mayan ve h�zla b�y�yen kentsel n�fusun ihtiya�lar�na cevap olarak ortaya ��kan minib�s ta��mac�l��, kendili�inden ve enformel geli�en bir kent k�lt�r�ne de ��k tutmas� a��s�ndan �nemlidir. Do�as� gere�i belirsizlik ve kurals�zl��n etkin oldu�u minib�s ta��mac�l�� ki�isel g�venlik ile ilgili kayg� ve korkular� artt�r�c� etkiye sahiptir. Bu makale, Ocak ve �ubat 2018�de ger�ekle�tirilen odak grup �al��malar�nda elde edilen veriler ��nda g�venlik alg�s� ve g�venlik alg�s�n� etkileyen etmenleri ortaya ��karmay� hedeflemektedir. Bu �al��ma g�venlik alg�s�n�n; bir sistemin nas�l �al��t��n�n ve �zg�n niteliklerinin anla��lmas� i�in anahtar nitelikte oldu�unu savunmaktad�r. �al��ma bulgular�, g�r�nt� ve konforun g�venlik alg�s�n� etkileyen �nemli fakt�rler oldu�unu ortaya koymu�tur. G�rsel, i�itsel ve kokusal uyaranlar minib�s�n �zel bir i�letme oldu�unu vurgular nitelikte oldu�undan yolcular minib�ste, bir toplu ta��ma sisteminde �zel mekan kurgusuna maruz kalmakta, bu da g�venlik alg�lar�n� olumsuz etkilemektedir. �al��madan elde edilen bir �nemli bulgu da kat�l�mc�lar�n minib�s ta��mac�l��n� tercih de�il mecburiyet olarak tarif etmeleri ile ilgilidir. Odak grup tart��malar�n�n a��k bir �ekilde ortaya koydu�u �zere kat�l�mc�lar kendi korku ve rahats�zl�klar�n� hafifletebilmek i�in stratejik taktikler geli�tirmekte, yolculuklar� ile ilgili hal ve tav�rlar�n�; inmesi gereken durakta inmemek, seyahat zamanlamas�n� de�i�tirmek gibi g�venlikle ilgili yeni k�r�lganl�klar geli�tirmelerine sebep olan belirli de�i�iklikler yaparak modifiye etmektedirler. Esneklik, b�y�kl�k ve sundu�u hizmet a��s�ndan de�erlendirildi�inde minib�s ta��mac�l��n�n potansiyelleri oldu�u kadar zay�f y�nleri de bulunmaktad�r. 32 milyon g�nl�k yolculuk hacmi olan metropoliten bir �ehirde, basit bir arz-talep dengesine dayal� olarak geli�mi� enformel bir sistemin dinamiklerini anlamak �nemlidir. Minib�s ta��mac�l��, yolcu taleplerini, kentin mek�nsal s�n�rl�l�klar�n� ve ula��m planlamas� mekanizmalar�n� anlamak i�in �nemli bir ara�t�rma sahas�d�r. Minib�s ta��mac�l��n�n iyile�tirilmesine y�nelik �al��malar verimli olmayacakt�r; ancak bu sistemin derinlemesine bir analizinin yap�lmas�, mevcut toplu ta��ma sistemlerinin geli�tirilmesi i�in bir ara� olma potansiyeli ta��maktad�r.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Ara toplu ta��ma, g�venlik alg�s�; minib�s; �stanbul; toplu ta��ma.

Perception of Safety within Intermediate Public Transportation Systems: The Case of Minib�s' in �stanbul

Melis O�uz
Department of Industrial Design, Beykent University Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, �stanbul, Turkey

Minib�s, as well as other intermediate public transportation systems, continue to be a much-neglected field of study in Turkey despite its significance in urban transportation. Having evolved in response to unmet needs of a growing urban population, minib�s provides a remarkable insight about an adventitious and informal urban culture. The uncertain and irregular nature of minib�s, as an intermediate public transportation system, generates fears and concerns about personal safety. Moving from a series of focus group studies conducted in January and February 2018, this paper claims that the examination of perception of safety of passengers is key to understanding the operation and the distinctive features of this specific intermediate public transportation system. Research findings indicate that the appearance of minib�s and the comfort of passengers are critical in people�s perception of safety. As visual, audio and olfactive stimuli represent minib�s as a private enterprise, the passengers are torn between the conception of using a public transportation and being exposed a setting that intimidates them for the sake of a shorter or a cheaper ride. One crucial finding derived from the focus group study is that participants describe minib�s as a compulsion rather than a preference. It also became clear that they have adopted various tactics to facilitate their state of discomfort and fear such as getting off at far-out places or choosing a different time of the day for travel. However, these tactics pave the way for new vulnerabilities. It appears to be obvious that the flexibility, the size and the range of service provided by the minib�s have its own potentials and weaknesses. In a metropolitan city of a daily commuting volume of 32 million, it is important to learn from this informally developed system relying on a basic supply-demand chain. As it is, minib�s is an important research field to understand the needs of the passengers, limits of city�s land use and transportation planning mechanisms. Arguably � as long as minib�s remains to a private establishment, efforts to overcome its weaknesses will remain frantic. However, its careful analysis can be an effective tool to improve the existing formal public transportation.

Keywords: Intermediate public transportation, perception of safety; minib�s; �stanbul; public transportation.

Melis O�uz. Perception of Safety within Intermediate Public Transportation Systems: The Case of Minib�s' in �stanbul. Planning. 2020; 30(1): 104-117

Sorumlu Yazar: Melis O�uz, T�rkiye
Makale Dili: �ngilizce

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Ara Toplu Ta��ma Sistemlerinde G�venlik Alg�s�: �stanbul�da Minib�s �rne�i

Perception of Safety within Intermediate Public Transportation Systems: The Case of Minib�s' in �stanbul