Planning. 2016; 26(3): 234-250 | DOI: 10.14744/planlama.2016.92400

Public Interest Perspective to Urban Interventions in Ýstanbul

Seçil Özalp¹, Gülden Erkut^2
1Istanbul Technical University, Graduate School of Science Engineering and Technology, Urban and Regional Planning Doctoral Program, Istanbul
²Istanbul Technical University, Faculty of Architecture, Urban and Regional Planning Department, Istanbul

The year 1980 is a breaking point in regard to transformation of governmental paradigms in Turkey, like in the rest of the world. This shift has brought along structural transformations over many fields including state and social structures as well as planning approach and urban spaces. During this period identified as neoliberalism, commodified urban space is turning into a scene for practices of market-oriented economic development and elite consumption. In cities, interventions which are shaped by public-private partnerships and are developed in line with the interests of capital, are increasing day by day. In this period, public interest that constitutes the main principal of planning has begun to cease to be the essential value of the planning implementations. Through the project based approaches, field of planning is now being turned into a non-functional act and is being discredited. In Turkey, Istanbul is the most affected city from interventions forming the urban space depending on relevant legislation and planning policies’ regulations made in accordance with economic policies. In this article, planning legislation and amendments from 1980s are evaluated in the context of public interest besides that urban interventions in Istanbul are discussed depending on relationships with planning policies and legislations, spatial distributions and the topics which they constitute a contradiction about public interest. In this study 36 years from 1980 to present day are investigated within two period which are 1980 to 2000 and after 2000 and the similarities/differentials between periods are evaluated.

Keywords: Istanbul, public interest, urban interventions; neoliberal policies, planning legislation.

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Kamu Yararý Perspektifinden Ýstanbul’da Kentsel Müdahaleler

Seçil Özalp¹, Gülden Erkut^2
1Ýstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Þehir ve Bölge Planlama Doktora Programý, Ýstanbul
²Ýstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Mimarlýk Fakültesi, Þehir ve Bölge Planlama Bölümü, Ýstanbul

Tüm dünyada olduðu gibi Türkiye’de de 1980 yýlý yönetim anlayýþlarýnda yaþanan dönüþüm anlamýnda kýrýlma noktasý olarak tanýmlanmaktadýr. Bu dönüþüm devletlerin yapýsýndan toplumsal yapýlara, planlamadan kent mekanlarýna bir çok alanda yapýsal deðiþikliði beraberinde getirmiþtir. Neoliberal dönem olarak tanýmlanan bu süreçte kent mekanlarý metalaþtýrýlarak hem piyasa temelli ekonomik büyüme hem de elit tüketim pratiklerinin sahnesi haline getirilmektedir. Kentlerde, kamu-özel sektör ortaklýklarýyla þekillendirilen, sermayenin çýkarlarý doðrultusunda geliþtirilen müdahaleler gün geçtikçe artmaktadýr. Bu dönemde, planlamanýn özünü oluþturan kamu yararý planlama meslek uygulamalarýnda temel deðer olmaktan çýkmaya baþlamýþtýr. Proje temelli yaklaþýmlarla, planlama alaný iþlevsizleþtirilmekte ve itibarsýzlaþtýrýlmaktadýr. Türkiye’de ekonomik politikalar doðrultusunda planlama politikalarý ve ilgili mevzuatta yapýlan düzenlemelere baðlý olarak kent mekanýný þekillendiren müdahalelerin en yoðun olarak yaþandýðý kent Ýstanbul’dur. Bu makalede, 1980 yýlýndan itibaren,Türkiye’de planlama alanýný ilgilendiren yasal düzenlemeler ve deðiþiklikler kamu yararý baðlamýnda deðerlendirilmekte, bunun yanýnda Ýstanbul’da gerçekleþtirilen kentsel müdahaleler planlama politikalarý ve yasal düzenlemeler ile iliþkileri, mekansal daðýlýmlarý ve kamu yararýna aykýrýlýk teþkil ettiði düþünülen konular çerçevesinde ele alýnmaktadýr. Çalýþmada 1980’den bugüne 36 yýllýk süre, 1980–2000 ve 2000 sonrasý olmak üzere iki ayrý dönem kapsamýnda incelenmekte, dönemler arasý ortaklaþan/ayrýþan konular deðerlendirilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Ýstanbul, kamu yararý, kentsel müdahaleler; neoliberal politikalar, planlama yasalarý.

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